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Abstract
The paper attempts to discuss the issue of the quality of education in the Nigerian basic school system. It looks into the global yarning for provision and acquisition of quality education for all in societies of the world. Jomtien declaration on Education for All and Sustainable Development Goal 4 which centres on provision of quality education for all are some of the global protocols and agreements reached by societies of the world for improvement in provision of quality education. The paper therefore explores the need for classroom teachers to effectively use multigrade instructional strategy for achievement of global educational aspiration. It discussed the concept multigrade as an instructional strategy which equips a teacher with necessary teaching skills and techniques that enables him or her to effectively teach two or more classes at the same time. Also examined are the relationships between the use of multigrade instructional strategy and cost of education. Considering the vital roles teachers play in implementation of school program, the paper examined their preparation and its effect on school curriculum. The paper concludes that due to complexities in developing societies arising from population explosion resulting to scarcity of resources which affects provision of education to populace, there is need for teachers to be well equipped with up-to-date instructional strategies to cope with the challenges. It therefore recommends that: basic school teachers should be trained on the use of modern instructional strategies that could enhance effective classroom activities in multigrade schools; multigrade instructional strategy should be adequately taught and also its values be exposed to students at colleges of education and faculties of education in universities; and that flesh colleges of education graduates who are employed in rural schools should expose the ideas and benefits of multigrade instructional strategy to the schools’ administrators.
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References
- Abioye, M. A. (2021). Retention and efficiency of qualified teachers in rural Nigeria secondary schools. Walden Dissertation Doctoral Studies Collections Walden University. www.schoolworks.waldenu.edu
- Adedeji, S. O. (2009). Improving access and quality of outcome of higher education in Nigeria through allocation and uilization of resources. www.africahighered.org
- Ajibola, M. A. (2008). Innovation and curriculum development for basic education in Nigeria: Policy priorities and challenges of practice and implementation. Research Journal of International Studies,8,51-58. www.scipub.com
- Aju, C. O. (2022). Behavioral objectives: Exploring evaluation criteria. www.hackernoon.com
- Awopetu, L. O. (2001). The Nigerian academic forum, 1(2). www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals
- Balogun, J. O. (2005). Multigrade teaching: The conceptual framework. a paper presented at a work shop organised by National Commission for Colleges of Education held at FCE Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
- Birch, I., & Larry, M. (2005). Multigrade teaching in primary schools. Asia Pacific Centre of Educational Innovation for Development, Bangkok: Thailand.
- Buchi, O. (2017). History of Universal Basic Education in. Nigeria. www.legit ng
- Colman, A. M. (1993). What is psychology: The inside story. London: Harper and Row Ltd.
- Cronin-Jones, L. L. (1991). Science teachers’ belief and their influence on curriculum implementation: Two case studies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Wiley online library.
- Derek, R. (1981). A Dictionary of Education. Britain: Harper and Row Ltd
- Erobu, I. O. & Eze, O. E. (2005). The effect of multigrade teaching on pupils’ performance in primary school. A Paper Presented at the Joint Seminal Organised Colleges of Education in Kwara state, held at School of Education Sobi. Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
- Evans, S. (2022). Right to education. www.righttoeducation.com
- Fafunwa, A. B. (2004). History of education in Nigeria. Ibadan: NPC Education Publishers Ltd.
- Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National Policy on Education. Abuja: NERDC
- Gene, B. S. (2005). The case of Universal Basic Education for boys and girls. Pi Delta Kappan: Cambridge Education. www.portmir.org.uk
- Gill, G., & Jane, D. (2005). Hard to reach parents or hard to reach schools? A discussion on home-school relation, with particular reference to Bangladeshi and Pakistani Parents. British Educational Journal, 33 (3) www.portmir.org.uk
- Gleitman, H. (1995). Basic psychology. London. W. W. & Company.
- Granberg, M. E. (2017). How technology enhances teaching and learning. Centre for Teaching. Vanderbilt University. www.vanderbilt.edu
- Hillman, A., & Eva, J. (2004). Educating children in poor countries. International of Monetary Fund. www.imf.org
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- Irigonen, O. (2017). Universal Basic Education Nigeria. www.centreforpublicimpact.org
- Jafery, S.Q. (2015). Role of teacher in curriculum implementation. www.slideshare.net
- Little, A. (2006). Multigrade teaching: A Review of research and practice. Retrieved www.angelawlittle.net
- Little, A. (1995). Multigrade teaching. A review of practice and research. London Serial no Overseas Development Administration. www.angelawlittle.net
- Miller, B.A. (1990). The Multigrade Classroom. A Resource Handbook for Rural Schools Oregon: NREL
- Mohamoud, A.J. (1993). Encyclopaedia of Public Health: Indigenous Population. UNICEF: Somalia.
- Mulkeen, A.G. & Higgins, C. (2009). Multigrade Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa, Lesson from Uganda, Senegal and The Gambia. www.ningpost.iiep.unesco.org
- Nicholas, K. (2005). Basic Education. Washington. USA: Global Action for Children.
- Oduolowo, (2007). A Comparison of Univeral Basic Education Programme in And the Grundskola of Sweden. Ibadan: Spring Easy in Education.
- Okebukola. P.A.O. (1998). Trends in Tertiary Education in Nigeria. Lagos: UNESCO.
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- Ogunyinka, E. K., Okeke, T. I., & Adedoyin, R. C. (2015). Teacher education and development in Nigeria: An analysis of reforms, challenges and prospects. Educational Journal, 4(3), 111-122. article.sciencepublishinggroup.com
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- Orlando, J. (2017). Technology to enhance teaching and learning. Maga Publications. www.magnapubs.com
- Orakcli, S. (2020). Paradigm shift in 21st Century teaching and learning. www.igi.global.com
- Ossttveit, (2000). Education for All: Ten years after Jomtien. www.unesco.org
- Reagan, W., & David, A. (2011). How technology can help improve education. www.techlearning.com
- Rutherford, F. J. (2006). Preparing teachers for curriculum reform. Journal of Journal of Science Education, 55(4), 555-568. onlinelibrary.wiley.com
- Salim, A. M. (1999). Introduction to teacher education and the teaching profession in Nigeria. Ilorin: Ben James Publication.
- Sarason, C. (1990). An Introduction to curriculum research and development. London. Heinemann
- Scott, V. L. (2012). The difference between multigrade and monograde education. www.nlesd.ca
- Sika, J. C. (2015). Prospect and dilemmas of teachers’ preparation for quality curriculum implementation in the context of globalisation. www.researchgate.net/publications
- Thomas, C. F., & Shaw, C. (1992). Issues in the development of multigrade schools. Washington: World Bank Technical Paper no 2.
- Torpev, T. F. & Rabi, A. D. (2016). Teachers’ characteristics and curriculum implementation for achievement of education for all in Nigeria. Al-Hikmah Journal of Education, 3(1), 129-149.
- UNESCO, (2016). World conference on Education for All Jomtien, 1990. www.unesco.org
- UNESCO, (2015). Practical tips for teaching multigrade class. www.unesco.org
- UNICEF, (2007). Human right base strategy to Education for All. www.globalaidsalliance.org
- World Conference on Education for All (1990). World Declaration on Education for All Meeting Basic Needs and Framework for Action to Meet Basic Learning Needs www.right-to-education.org
References
Abioye, M. A. (2021). Retention and efficiency of qualified teachers in rural Nigeria secondary schools. Walden Dissertation Doctoral Studies Collections Walden University. www.schoolworks.waldenu.edu
Adedeji, S. O. (2009). Improving access and quality of outcome of higher education in Nigeria through allocation and uilization of resources. www.africahighered.org
Ajibola, M. A. (2008). Innovation and curriculum development for basic education in Nigeria: Policy priorities and challenges of practice and implementation. Research Journal of International Studies,8,51-58. www.scipub.com
Aju, C. O. (2022). Behavioral objectives: Exploring evaluation criteria. www.hackernoon.com
Awopetu, L. O. (2001). The Nigerian academic forum, 1(2). www.globalacademicgroup.com/journals
Balogun, J. O. (2005). Multigrade teaching: The conceptual framework. a paper presented at a work shop organised by National Commission for Colleges of Education held at FCE Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Birch, I., & Larry, M. (2005). Multigrade teaching in primary schools. Asia Pacific Centre of Educational Innovation for Development, Bangkok: Thailand.
Buchi, O. (2017). History of Universal Basic Education in. Nigeria. www.legit ng
Colman, A. M. (1993). What is psychology: The inside story. London: Harper and Row Ltd.
Cronin-Jones, L. L. (1991). Science teachers’ belief and their influence on curriculum implementation: Two case studies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Wiley online library.
Derek, R. (1981). A Dictionary of Education. Britain: Harper and Row Ltd
Erobu, I. O. & Eze, O. E. (2005). The effect of multigrade teaching on pupils’ performance in primary school. A Paper Presented at the Joint Seminal Organised Colleges of Education in Kwara state, held at School of Education Sobi. Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Evans, S. (2022). Right to education. www.righttoeducation.com
Fafunwa, A. B. (2004). History of education in Nigeria. Ibadan: NPC Education Publishers Ltd.
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National Policy on Education. Abuja: NERDC
Gene, B. S. (2005). The case of Universal Basic Education for boys and girls. Pi Delta Kappan: Cambridge Education. www.portmir.org.uk
Gill, G., & Jane, D. (2005). Hard to reach parents or hard to reach schools? A discussion on home-school relation, with particular reference to Bangladeshi and Pakistani Parents. British Educational Journal, 33 (3) www.portmir.org.uk
Gleitman, H. (1995). Basic psychology. London. W. W. & Company.
Granberg, M. E. (2017). How technology enhances teaching and learning. Centre for Teaching. Vanderbilt University. www.vanderbilt.edu
Hillman, A., & Eva, J. (2004). Educating children in poor countries. International of Monetary Fund. www.imf.org
Ishaku, K. (2005). Opening speech of workshop on multigrade teaching for education lecturers. organised by NCCE at FCE Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
Irigonen, O. (2017). Universal Basic Education Nigeria. www.centreforpublicimpact.org
Jafery, S.Q. (2015). Role of teacher in curriculum implementation. www.slideshare.net
Little, A. (2006). Multigrade teaching: A Review of research and practice. Retrieved www.angelawlittle.net
Little, A. (1995). Multigrade teaching. A review of practice and research. London Serial no Overseas Development Administration. www.angelawlittle.net
Miller, B.A. (1990). The Multigrade Classroom. A Resource Handbook for Rural Schools Oregon: NREL
Mohamoud, A.J. (1993). Encyclopaedia of Public Health: Indigenous Population. UNICEF: Somalia.
Mulkeen, A.G. & Higgins, C. (2009). Multigrade Teaching in Sub-Saharan Africa, Lesson from Uganda, Senegal and The Gambia. www.ningpost.iiep.unesco.org
Nicholas, K. (2005). Basic Education. Washington. USA: Global Action for Children.
Oduolowo, (2007). A Comparison of Univeral Basic Education Programme in And the Grundskola of Sweden. Ibadan: Spring Easy in Education.
Okebukola. P.A.O. (1998). Trends in Tertiary Education in Nigeria. Lagos: UNESCO.
Okeke, M.I, Okeforcha, C & Ekwesaianya, A. (2019). Attrition and Strategies for Teachers Retention in Secondary Schools in Anambra State. Global Journal of Education, Humanities and Management Sciences pp149 159. www.gojehms.com
Ogbonna (2004). Multigrade Teaching: Nigerian Experience. A paper Presented at the Conference on Support the Implementation of Multigrade Teaching Organized by World Bank Institute at Speke Resort, Uganda.
Ogunyinka, E. K., Okeke, T. I., & Adedoyin, R. C. (2015). Teacher education and development in Nigeria: An analysis of reforms, challenges and prospects. Educational Journal, 4(3), 111-122. article.sciencepublishinggroup.com
Olubor, (2009). Private cost analysis of pre-school education in Nigeria private schools. Benin, Nigeria: Kamala-Rag Publishers.
Onyidoh, (2009). The decline of educational system in Nigeria. Lagos: Longman Press.
Orlando, J. (2017). Technology to enhance teaching and learning. Maga Publications. www.magnapubs.com
Orakcli, S. (2020). Paradigm shift in 21st Century teaching and learning. www.igi.global.com
Ossttveit, (2000). Education for All: Ten years after Jomtien. www.unesco.org
Reagan, W., & David, A. (2011). How technology can help improve education. www.techlearning.com
Rutherford, F. J. (2006). Preparing teachers for curriculum reform. Journal of Journal of Science Education, 55(4), 555-568. onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Salim, A. M. (1999). Introduction to teacher education and the teaching profession in Nigeria. Ilorin: Ben James Publication.
Sarason, C. (1990). An Introduction to curriculum research and development. London. Heinemann
Scott, V. L. (2012). The difference between multigrade and monograde education. www.nlesd.ca
Sika, J. C. (2015). Prospect and dilemmas of teachers’ preparation for quality curriculum implementation in the context of globalisation. www.researchgate.net/publications
Thomas, C. F., & Shaw, C. (1992). Issues in the development of multigrade schools. Washington: World Bank Technical Paper no 2.
Torpev, T. F. & Rabi, A. D. (2016). Teachers’ characteristics and curriculum implementation for achievement of education for all in Nigeria. Al-Hikmah Journal of Education, 3(1), 129-149.
UNESCO, (2016). World conference on Education for All Jomtien, 1990. www.unesco.org
UNESCO, (2015). Practical tips for teaching multigrade class. www.unesco.org
UNICEF, (2007). Human right base strategy to Education for All. www.globalaidsalliance.org
World Conference on Education for All (1990). World Declaration on Education for All Meeting Basic Needs and Framework for Action to Meet Basic Learning Needs www.right-to-education.org